Assessing the nutritional knowledge and nutrition literacy of nursing students can help nursing programs identify educational gaps and develop strategies to enhance nutrition education. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of nutrition knowledge and nutrition literacy among nursing students. Data were collected using an Information Form, Anthropometric Measurements, the Nutrition Knowledge Level Scale for Adults, and the Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were applied to analyze the data. The mean nutrition knowledge score was 56.6 ± 6.8, with 50.5% of students demonstrating a good level of knowledge. The total nutrition literacy score averaged 28.6 ± 4.4, and 91.6% of students were classified as having sufficient nutrition literacy. No significant differences were observed between students’ demographic characteristics and their nutrition knowledge or literacy scores (p > 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between nutrition knowledge and overall nutrition literacy, including its subdomains (p < 0.05). Nutrition knowledge and nutrition literacy were positively associated among nursing students. To enhance students’ understanding of nutrition, improve literacy, and contribute to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, nutrition-focused courses should be integrated into nursing curricula.